![]() ![]() ![]() The operating system must have GPT support as well. Finally, note that both booting from and recognizing a 2.2TB or larger drive as a data drive also requires that the drive be formatted using a GPT (GUID Partition Table). Drives larger than 2.2TB can be used as data drives even without a UEFI BIOS. Booting from a 2.2TB or larger drive requires a UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) BIOS, or at a minimum one with an enabled UEFI Boot option. The issue here is not that the BIOS can’t recognize drives 2.2TB or larger the problem is that it can’t normally boot from them. The most recent 2.2TB barrier is not a true BIOS barrier in the same way that the previous barriers were. If it doesn’t, the next best thing is to use a card such as one of the UltraATA cards from SIIG ( I almost never recommend the software-only solution because it merely installs a software patch in the boot sector area of the hard drive, which can result in numerous problems when booting from different drives, installing new drives, or recovering data. Visit your motherboard manufacturer’s website to see whether it has newer BIOSs available for your motherboard that support large drives. Of these, the first one is the most desirable because it is usually free. Install a software patch to add >8.4GB support.Install a BIOS upgrade card, such as the UltraATA cards from.Upgrade your motherboard BIOS to a 1998 or newer version that supports >8.4GB.If your BIOS does not support EDD (drives over 8.4GB), the three possible solutions are as follows: You can also use the System Information for Windows (SIW) utility from, which tells you the BIOS date from your system and specifically whether your system supports the Enhanced Disk Drive specification (which means drives over 8.4GB). These are only general guidelines, though to accurately determine this for a specific system, you should check with your motherboard manufacturer. Most BIOSs dated 1998 or newer support drives up to 137GB, and those dated September 2002 or newer should support drives larger than 137GB. These dates are when the limits were broken, such that BIOSs older than August 1994 are generally limited to drives of up to 528MB, whereas BIOSs older than January 1998 are generally limited to 8.4GB. Some BIOS, had this capability as early as 2006, but it wasn’t widespread until 2011. *Note: A UEFI BIOS or enabled UEFI Boot option is required to boot from 2.2TB or larger drives. ![]() Dates of Changes to Drive Capacity Limitations in the ROM BIOS Table 7.14 shows the most important relative dates when drive capacity limits were changed. Motherboard ROM BIOSs have been updated throughout the years to support larger and larger drives. Under this standard terminology, a megabyte would be 1,000,000 bytes, whereas a mebibyte would be 1,048,576 bytes.įor more information on these industry-standard decimal and binary prefixes, check out the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) website at. The symbol for kilo (k) is in lowercase (which is technically correct according to the SI standard), whereas all other decimal prefixes are uppercase. Standard Prefix Names and Symbols for Decimal and Binary Multiples Some of these prefixes are shown in Table 7.13. To eliminate confusion, in December 1998 the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) approved as an international standard the prefix names and symbols for binary multiples used in data processing and transmission. This has resulted in different meanings being assigned to the same prefix-for example, 1KB (kilobyte) could mean either 1,000 (10 3) bytes or 1,024 (2 10) bytes. This worked well for most things, but not for computers, which operate in a binary world where most numbers are based on powers of 2. Standard SI (system international or metric system) units are based on multiples of 10. These are part of a standard designed to eliminate confusion between decimal- and binary-based multiples, especially in computer systems. Many readers are unfamiliar with the MiB (mebibyte), GiB (gibibyte), and so on designations I am using in this section and throughout the book. Prefixes for Decimal and Binary Multiples This section details the differences between the various sector-addressing methods and the limitations incurred by using them. ATA/IDE Capacity Limitations for Various Sector Addressing MethodsĮDD = Enhanced Disk Drive specification (Phoenix/ATA) A summary of the limitations is shown in Table 7.12. The limitations when dealing with ATA drives are those of the ATA interface as well as the BIOS interface used to talk to the drive. These are described later in this chapter. In addition to the BIOS/ATA limitations discussed in this section, various operating system limitations exist. ![]()
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